12/30/2023 0 Comments Man transform into a woman![]() To understand the everyday realities of modern societies we need to recognize that the family is a dynamic entity, characterized by growing complexity with respect to decision-making processes regarding transitions over the family life course and organization of family life. Developments related to women’s new role are seen as weakening the family and have been attributed to the first phase of the gender revolution, while more recent family changes and the emerging caring male role have been linked to the second phase (Goldscheider et al. In contemporary family scholarship there is an increasing awareness of gender and family changes being interconnected, and conceptualization of the gender revolution has gained terrain (Goldscheider 1990 Puur et al. The new family trends and patterns have been paralleled by changes in gender roles, especially an expansion of the female role to an economic provider for a family, and lately also transformation of men’s role with more extensive involvement in family responsibilities, mainly care for children. ![]() These changes have led to increasingly complex family compositions and to a previously unprecedented diversity of family forms and relationships over the life course. ![]() Marriage, too, is being postponed and is more often foregone, and couple relationships-both marital and non-marital ones-have become more fragile. The major trends in family structures and their shifts across the industrialized world over the past decades are well known: fertility rates have declined below the level sufficient for the replacement of the population and childbearing occurs later and more often outside marriage. A detailed discussion of new challenges of transitions in and organization of family life follows, with a focus on four main topics: women’s new role and the implications for family dynamics, the gendered transition to parenthood, new gender roles in doing families, and coping strategies in family and work reconciliation under conditions of uncertainty and precariousness and impacts on fertility. Next, views in contemporary scholarship on the interplay between the increasing family complexity and gender role changes are addressed. It highlights that changes in women’s role have been more comprehensive, whereas in most countries the transformation of the male role has barely started. It first depicts the development of family forms in Europe over the past fifty years, with a focus on increasingly diverse family biographies and the changes in the roles of women and men. This keynote chapter presents main research findings on new gender roles and their implications for families and societies.
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